/*
   Copyright (c) 2011, Andre Somers
   All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * Neither the name of the Rathenau Instituut, Andre Somers nor the
      names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
   ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
   DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANDRE SOMERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
   DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
   (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
   LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR #######; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
   ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
   SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef SIMPLECRYPT_H
#define SIMPLECRYPT_H

#include <QFlags>
#include <QString>
#include <QVector>

/**
   @short Simple encryption and decryption of strings and byte arrays

   This class provides a simple implementation of encryption and decryption
   of strings and byte arrays.

   @warning The encryption provided by this class is NOT strong encryption. It may
   help to shield things from curious eyes, but it will NOT stand up to someone
   determined to break the encryption. Don't say you were not warned.

   The class uses a 64 bit key. Simply create an instance of the class, set the key,
   and use the encryptToString() method to calculate an encrypted version of the input string.
   To decrypt that string again, use an instance of SimpleCrypt initialized with
   the same key, and call the decryptToString() method with the encrypted string. If the key
   matches, the decrypted version of the string will be returned again.

   If you do not provide a key, or if something else is wrong, the encryption and
   decryption function will return an empty string or will return a string containing nonsense.
   lastError() will return a value indicating if the method was succesful, and if not, why not.

   SimpleCrypt is prepared for the case that the encryption and decryption
   algorithm is changed in a later version, by prepending a version identifier to the cypertext.
 */

class SimpleCrypt {
  public:
    /**
       CompressionMode describes if compression will be applied to the data to be
       encrypted.
     */
    enum CompressionMode {
      CompressionAuto,   /*!< Only apply compression if that results in a shorter plaintext. */
      CompressionAlways, /*!< Always apply compression. Note that for short inputs, a compression may result in longer
                            data */
      CompressionNever   /*!< Never apply compression. */
    };

    /**
       IntegrityProtectionMode describes measures taken to make it possible to detect problems with the data
       or wrong decryption keys.

       Measures involve adding a checksum or a cryptograhpic hash to the data to be encrypted. This
       increases the length of the resulting cypertext, but makes it possible to check if the plaintext
       appears to be valid after decryption.
     */
    enum IntegrityProtectionMode {
      ProtectionNone, /*!< The integerity of the encrypted data is not protected. It is not really possible to detect a
                         wrong key, for instance. */
      ProtectionChecksum, /*!< A simple checksum is used to verify that the data is in order. If not, an empty string is
                             returned. */
      ProtectionHash /*!< A cryptographic hash is used to verify the integrity of the data. This method produces a much
                        stronger, but longer check */
    };

    /**
       Error describes the type of error that occured.
     */
    enum Error {
      ErrorNoError,        /*!< No error occurred. */
      ErrorNoKeySet,       /*!< No key was set. You can not encrypt or decrypt without a valid key. */
      ErrorUnknownVersion, /*!< The version of this data is unknown, or the data is otherwise not valid. */
      ErrorIntegrityFailed /*!< The integrity check of the data failed. Perhaps the wrong key was used. */
    };

    /**
       Constructor.

       Constructs a SimpleCrypt instance without a valid key set on it.
     */
    SimpleCrypt();

    /**
       Constructor.

       Constructs a SimpleCrypt instance and initializes it with the given @arg key.
     */
    explicit SimpleCrypt(quint64 key);

    /**
       (Re-) initializes the key with the given @arg key.
     */
    void setKey(quint64 key);

    /**
       Returns true if SimpleCrypt has been initialized with a key.
     */
    bool hasKey() const {
      return !m_keyParts.isEmpty();
    }

    /**
       Sets the compression mode to use when encrypting data. The default mode is Auto.

       Note that decryption is not influenced by this mode, as the decryption recognizes
       what mode was used when encrypting.
     */
    void setCompressionMode(CompressionMode mode) {
      m_compressionMode = mode;
    }

    /**
       Returns the CompressionMode that is currently in use.
     */
    CompressionMode compressionMode() const {
      return m_compressionMode;
    }

    /**
       Sets the integrity mode to use when encrypting data. The default mode is Checksum.

       Note that decryption is not influenced by this mode, as the decryption recognizes
       what mode was used when encrypting.
     */
    void setIntegrityProtectionMode(IntegrityProtectionMode mode) {
      m_protectionMode = mode;
    }

    /**
       Returns the IntegrityProtectionMode that is currently in use.
     */
    IntegrityProtectionMode integrityProtectionMode() const {
      return m_protectionMode;
    }

    /**
       Returns the last error that occurred.
     */
    Error lastError() const {
      return m_lastError;
    }

    /**
       Encrypts the @arg plaintext string with the key the class was initialized with, and returns
       a cyphertext the result. The result is a base64 encoded version of the binary array that is the
       actual result of the string, so it can be stored easily in a text format.
     */
    QString encryptToString(const QString& plaintext);

    /**
       Encrypts the @arg plaintext QByteArray with the key the class was initialized with, and returns
       a cyphertext the result. The result is a base64 encoded version of the binary array that is the
       actual result of the encryption, so it can be stored easily in a text format.
     */
    QString encryptToString(QByteArray plaintext);

    /**
       Encrypts the @arg plaintext string with the key the class was initialized with, and returns
       a binary cyphertext in a QByteArray the result.

       This method returns a byte array, that is useable for storing a binary format. If you need
       a string you can store in a text file, use encryptToString() instead.
     */
    QByteArray encryptToByteArray(const QString& plaintext);

    /**
       Encrypts the @arg plaintext QByteArray with the key the class was initialized with, and returns
       a binary cyphertext in a QByteArray the result.

       This method returns a byte array, that is useable for storing a binary format. If you need
       a string you can store in a text file, use encryptToString() instead.
     */
    QByteArray encryptToByteArray(QByteArray plaintext);

    /**
       Decrypts a cyphertext string encrypted with this class with the set key back to the
       plain text version.

       If an error occured, such as non-matching keys between encryption and decryption,
       an empty string or a string containing nonsense may be returned.
     */
    QString decryptToString(const QString& cyphertext);

    /**
       Decrypts a cyphertext string encrypted with this class with the set key back to the
       plain text version.

       If an error occured, such as non-matching keys between encryption and decryption,
       an empty string or a string containing nonsense may be returned.
     */
    QByteArray decryptToByteArray(const QString& cyphertext);

    /**
       Decrypts a cyphertext binary encrypted with this class with the set key back to the
       plain text version.

       If an error occured, such as non-matching keys between encryption and decryption,
       an empty string or a string containing nonsense may be returned.
     */
    QString decryptToString(QByteArray cypher);

    /**
       Decrypts a cyphertext binary encrypted with this class with the set key back to the
       plain text version.

       If an error occured, such as non-matching keys between encryption and decryption,
       an empty string or a string containing nonsense may be returned.
     */
    QByteArray decryptToByteArray(QByteArray cypher);

    // enum to describe options that have been used for the encryption. Currently only one, but
    // that only leaves room for future extensions like adding a cryptographic hash...
    enum CryptoFlag {
      CryptoFlagNone = 0,
      CryptoFlagCompression = 0x01,
      CryptoFlagChecksum = 0x02,
      CryptoFlagHash = 0x04
    };

    Q_DECLARE_FLAGS(CryptoFlags, CryptoFlag)

  private:
    void splitKey();

    quint64 m_key;

    QVector<char> m_keyParts;
    CompressionMode m_compressionMode;
    IntegrityProtectionMode m_protectionMode;
    Error m_lastError;
};

Q_DECLARE_OPERATORS_FOR_FLAGS(SimpleCrypt::CryptoFlags)

#endif // SimpleCrypt_H
